Squirrels — Identification, Treatment & Removal

Grey squirrels are a destructive pest in UK loft spaces and gardens, gnawing through cables, timber, and insulation, and are legally classified as an invasive non-native species.

Typical Cost

£100–£250

DIY Possible?

For mild cases

Season

Seasonal

Overview

The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) was introduced to the UK from North America in the 19th century and has since displaced the native red squirrel across most of England, Wales, and southern Scotland. Grey squirrels commonly enter loft spaces and roof voids where they cause significant damage by gnawing on electrical cables, roof timbers, water pipes, and insulation. Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019, it is illegal to release a trapped grey squirrel back into the wild — they must be humanely dispatched.

Signs of a Squirrels Infestation

  • Loud scratching, scurrying, and thumping noises in the loft space, particularly during the early morning and late afternoon when squirrels are most active
  • Droppings (similar in size to rat droppings but more rounded) found in the loft, along roof beams, or near entry points
  • Visible damage to roof timbers, loft insulation, stored items, and electrical cables caused by persistent gnawing
  • Entry holes in fascia boards, soffits, or where roof tiles have been displaced, typically 5–7cm in diameter
  • Squirrel nests (dreys) built from insulation material, leaves, and twigs found in loft corners or between joists
  • Bark stripping on trees in the garden, which grey squirrels do to access the sap layer beneath

Health Risks

  • Fire risk from gnawed electrical cables in loft spaces — exposed wiring caused by squirrel damage is a genuine fire hazard
  • Water damage from squirrels gnawing through plastic water pipes and water tank fittings in the loft
  • Contamination of water tanks from droppings and urine if squirrels gain access to uncovered cold water tanks
  • Structural damage to roof timbers and fascia boards from persistent gnawing, which can be costly to repair
  • Squirrels may carry fleas and ticks, though direct disease transmission to humans in the UK is very rare

DIY Treatment Methods

Proofing entry points

High effectiveness

Identifying and blocking all entry points using galvanised wire mesh (16-gauge or heavier), metal plates, or concrete. Ensure no squirrels are trapped inside before sealing. Common entry points include gaps in fascia boards, damaged soffits, and where roof tiles meet walls. This is the most critical step in squirrel control.

One-way exclusion doors

High effectiveness

Fitting a one-way excluder valve or door over the main squirrel entry point, allowing squirrels to leave but preventing re-entry. Once all squirrels have exited (confirm by monitoring for activity over several days), permanently seal the hole. This method avoids the legal complexities of trapping.

Tree branch management

Medium effectiveness

Cutting back tree branches that overhang or touch the roof, denying squirrels their primary access route to the building. Squirrels can leap up to 2.5 metres horizontally, so ensure a clear gap. This is a preventative measure rather than a standalone solution if squirrels are already inside.

Cage trapping

High effectiveness

Using approved live-capture cage traps placed in the loft space or on known squirrel routes, baited with peanuts, hazelnuts, or maize. Important legal note: under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, trapped grey squirrels must NOT be released — they must be humanely dispatched. If you are not prepared to do this, you must engage a professional.

When to Call a Professional

  • You are unable or unwilling to humanely dispatch trapped grey squirrels, which is a legal requirement — a BPCA or NPTA qualified pest controller will handle this responsibly
  • Squirrels have caused damage to electrical wiring in the loft, which needs assessment by a qualified electrician as well as pest control
  • Entry points are high up on the roof or in locations that require ladders or scaffolding for safe access
  • Squirrels keep returning despite your attempts to proof the property, suggesting additional entry points that a professional survey can identify
  • You suspect squirrels may be nesting and have young (kittens) in the loft — a professional can assess the situation and time the treatment appropriately

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How Much Does Squirrels Treatment Cost?

£100–£250

Professional squirrel control typically involves a survey to identify entry points, trapping or exclusion work, humane dispatch of any trapped grey squirrels, and proofing of the property to prevent re-entry. The cost varies depending on the number of entry points, the difficulty of access, and the extent of proofing work required. Additional costs may apply for repairing damage to wiring, insulation, or plumbing caused by squirrel activity.

Prevention Tips

  • Inspect your roofline, fascia boards, and soffits at least twice a year (spring and autumn) for any gaps or damage that could allow squirrel entry
  • Cut back tree branches to maintain at least a 2.5-metre gap between trees and the roof, walls, and guttering of your property
  • Fit metal mesh over ventilation openings and any gaps in the roofline using galvanised steel mesh with holes no larger than 25mm
  • Ensure loft hatches close securely and that any holes where pipes or cables enter the loft are sealed
  • Avoid feeding squirrels in your garden if you are experiencing problems with them entering your roof space
  • Consider fitting squirrel baffles on bird feeders and removing fallen fruit from the garden to reduce attractants
  • If you have an uncovered cold water tank in the loft, fit a compliant lid to prevent contamination

Seasonal Information

Grey squirrels are active throughout the year and do not hibernate, though they are less visible during periods of very cold or wet weather. They typically breed twice a year, with litters born in February–March and June–July. The period before breeding (December–January and May–June) is when squirrels are most likely to seek out loft spaces as nesting sites. Autumn sees increased activity as squirrels gather and cache food for winter. Roof entry and loft nesting can occur at any time but is most common from late autumn through to spring.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it legal to trap and release grey squirrels?

No. Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019, it is illegal to release a trapped grey squirrel back into the wild. Once caught, grey squirrels must be humanely dispatched. This is because grey squirrels are an invasive non-native species that threatens the native red squirrel population.

What about red squirrels — are they protected?

Yes, red squirrels are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. It is illegal to intentionally kill, injure, or take a red squirrel, or to damage or destroy a red squirrel drey. If you have red squirrels in your loft (which is very rare), contact your local wildlife trust or Natural England for advice.

Can squirrels cause a house fire?

Yes, this is one of the most serious risks of a squirrel infestation. Squirrels gnaw on electrical cables in loft spaces, stripping the insulation and exposing bare wires. This creates a genuine fire hazard. If you suspect squirrels have damaged wiring, have it inspected by a qualified electrician as a matter of urgency.

How do squirrels get into my loft?

Grey squirrels typically access lofts by climbing trees, walls, or drainpipes and entering through gaps in fascia boards, damaged soffits, loose or missing roof tiles, or ventilation openings. They only need a gap of about 5cm (2 inches) to squeeze through, and they can enlarge smaller gaps by gnawing.

Will squirrels leave my loft on their own?

It is unlikely. Once squirrels have established a nesting site in a warm, sheltered loft space with access to food in the surrounding area, they will not voluntarily leave. Without intervention, they will continue to cause damage and may breed, making the problem worse. Active exclusion or trapping is necessary to resolve the issue.

How can I tell if it is squirrels or rats in my loft?

Squirrels are primarily active during the day (especially early morning and late afternoon), whereas rats are nocturnal. Squirrel noises tend to be louder and more characterised by running and jumping, while rat noises are lighter scratching and scurrying. Squirrel droppings are rounded, whereas rat droppings are more elongated and spindle-shaped.

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